Process of and apparatus for casting printing-type



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J.[J. 0. SMITH. PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING PRINTING TYPE.

No. 591,430, Patented Oct. 12,1897.

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. J. J. 0. SMITH. PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING- PRINTING TYPE. No. 591,430.

Patented Oct. 12,1897.

WITNESSES:

ATTORNEYS (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. J. 0. SMITH. PROCESS OI AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING PRINTING TYPE.

No. 591,430. Patented Oct. 12,1897.

FIC VII PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING PRINTING TYPE.

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Patented Oct. 12,1897.

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v MU INVENTOR ATTORNEYS J. J. 0. SMITH. PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING PRINTING TYPE.

No.- 591,430. Patented Oct. 12,1897.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-- Sheet 6..

J-. J. 0. SMITH. PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING PRINTING TYPE.

No. 591,430. Patented Oct. 12,1897.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN J. 0. SMITH, OF PASSAIO, NEW JERSEY.

PROCESS .OF AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING PRINTING-TYPE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 591,430, dated October 12, 1897.

Application t ed-November s, 189i. Ma No. 528,188. (No model.)

ToaZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, JOHN JOSEPH CHARLES- and apparatus herein described and claimed? The object of the invention is to produce perfect printers type of hard bronze metals by a casting process. In this age of fast printing, stereotyping, and type-setting machines there has been a long-felt want for perfect type of some metal which approaches steel in hardness and strength, but as all hard and strong metals or metal alloys melt at a hightemperature it has hitherto been impossible to cast such small and accurate characters in metallic molds and in the same manner that is employed with type-metal. Only those skilled in the art of manufacturing small printers type can fully, appreciate the great mathematical accuracy required in producing perfect and useful type. It is also well known by those acquainted with the art of casting hard refractory metals that such metals willnot cast with perfection and sharpness in a metallic mold even if the metal is injected under pressure. To overcome this great obstacle, I have devised the hereinafterdescribed novel method of forming very accurate molds with great rapidity, out of materials which are suitable for casting refractory metals in with perfection.

It is needless to enumerate in this specification the many and great advantages which will result to the great printing business if perfect type of hard bronze metals are produced at a moderate cost. v v

The main features of my invention for producing type of hard metal are entirely different from the method now in use for casting type of the so-called type-metal. Typemetal letters are cast in an automaticallyworking mold made of steel or iron. ter or type is cast at a time by forcing the fluid I metal in the mold by meansof an automat- One let,

tory metal will destroy such an accurate mold and matrix before a dozen types could be cast in it. I overcome this obstacle by making a mold of refractory molding material in the shape of a flat bar containing-a large num-' her (about one hundred) single-type molds. The mold answers for only one casting and has then served its function.

The following description will show that I can make such molds with great rapidity at a nominal cost and at the same time make them of the required accuracy and of a material which will withstand the heat of fluid bronze metal. Metals melting at a'high degree of heat chill and set instantaneously if poured or divided into such small quantities as a single type. Therefore I arrange my molds in such a manner that two to threethousand single types can be cast at one operation-that is to say, I inject the fluid metal into several thousand single-type molds simultaneously from a mass of metal more than sufficient to fill so many molds.

, The material from which I make my molds is a mixture of plaster-of-paris and fine'short asbestos pulp, the same as described in Letters Patent No. 512,845, dated January 16, 1894:, granted to Eugene O. Smith,forimprovements in molds for casting metals.

In the annexed drawings, which form a part of this specification, Figure I is a plan view of a pattern. Fig. II is a plan view of the brass molding flask-or box whichI employ. Fig. II is a perspective view showing the two parts of the moldflask slightly detached. Fig. III is a cross-sectional view of said flask with the pattern-comb and a type-mold there-' in. Fig. IV is a perspective view of a typemold after it is removed from the flask, but before taking away the pattern. The mold is partly broken away to show .the'internal structure. Fig. V is a plan view of the apparatus required to press or push the mold from the pattern-comb. It shows a mold in position to be pushed from the pattern. Fig. VI is a cross-section of the same apparatus. Fig. VII is a longitudinal sectional view of a mold after the pattern-types are removed. Fig. VIII is a plan view of a number of molds locked together for placing in the casting apparatus to be all filled with metal at one operation. Part of the covering-plate is broken away. Fig. IX is a transverse sectional view thereof. Fig. X is a longitudinal sectional view thereof. Fig. XI is a vertical sectional view of the casting apparatus which is employed in casting a great number of type at one operation with the frame filled with molds in position. type after casting. Fig. XIII is a side view, partly broken away, of the metal-mold employed for filling the type-comb with soft metal, a type-comb being in position in the mold. Fig. XIV represents such comb of type with its free spaces so filled to permit of the easy cutting of the indication-notches and separating the type from the gate.

In order to carry out my invention, I form, first, a pattern A of comb shape, and with this pattern I mold, in a suitable moldingflask B, molds C of the bar shape shown in Fig. IV. The mold is then drawn oil of the pattern by the drawing apparatus D (shown in Fig. V) and is ready to be used for the casting of type. A number of the molds C are locked in a frame E, (shown in Fig.VIII,) and suitable gates being provided are placed so locked together in the casting apparatus F. (Shown in Fig. XI.) Here the type are cast in all of the series of molds at once and the molds are removed from the casting apparatus F and from the frame E. The type are then removed from the mold in the form of a comb G and are placed in the metalmold II, where soft metal is east upon the type-comb, filling the free spaces between the type-teeth and resulting in a composite bar I. This bar has then out upon it such indication-notches as are required. The gate of the type-comb is severed from the teeth, and the latter being then separated from the soft metal aforesaid are substantially ready for use.

Having thus given a general survey of the steps involved in the process, I will proceed to,

describe in detail the several instrumentalities employed and at the same time and for the sake of clearness will refer more fully to the steps by which the process is carried out. Referring to Fig. I, the pattern-comb A, on which molds O are to be formed, has a base 1, in which are fixed in the form of a comb a series of teeth or single-type patterns 2, which have free spaces 3 between them. Regular printing-type are fifteen-sixteenths {{5) of an inch in length. In order to allow for cutting the single types from the general gate, after a comb of type is east in the mold each pattern-type 2 is made one and threesixteenths (1%, of an inch in length. This allows them to be inserted into the base three- Fig. XII represents a comb ofsixteenths of an inch, and the patterntype above the base is one inch in length, and a type molded therefrom is of the same length. This allows one-sixteenth of an inch of space of cutter in cutting the molded type from the gate, leaving the exact height or length of the type fifteen-sixteenths (-l-fi) of an inch, as required. The body thickness or line size of type varies with each font, but is the same in all types of the font, whether pica, brevier, minion, nonpareil, or other size, and the pattern-comb A, including its base 1, must be of the exact thickness of this type-body or line size. The width of the type in the line, however, differs according to the width of the letter, and the width of the separate type-patterns 2 will differ accordingly. The free ends of the type-patterns are cut or otherwise made with typefaces and may be all alike on the same comb, or each comb may have one hundred, more or less, type-patterns of a variety of types. They are arranged in a straight row upon the comb about one-eighth t) of an inch apart and are all firmly soldered to the base 1 and form an even surface with the flat sides of said base. The greatest care must be taken that each type is fastened perfectly parallel with the others and exactly at right angles with the edge of the base of the pattern. They must all be very smooth on all four sides. Any inaccuracy in the patterntype or in their method of setting in the base will prevent the drawing of the pattern from the mold without spoiling the mold, for the molding material which I employ when set hard will not yield. In fact, it must not yield in the slightest degree, for in that case the molds will lose their required accuracy.

The base 1 of the pattern-comb A is made of considerable width, more than is required for the gate of the mold, so that the comb may have great stiffness edgewise to resist the considerable strain which has to be applied in drawing the pattern from the mold in the manner hereinafter described. The base has at the ends holes at 4, whereby it may be fastened to the mold-drawing apparatus, and is provided with other holes 5 5, whereby it is held in the molding-flask.

Referring to Figs. II, II, III, and IV, the molding-flask B is composed of two parallel and identical brass bars or side pieces 6 6, about twenty inches in length, four inches in width, and three-quarters of an inch in thickness. Each bar has a rabbet or offset 7 at bottom and a butt or shoulder 8 at one end corresponding in height to the required thickness of the mold. By experiments and experience I have proved that it is best to form the type-molds in the shape of a fiat straight bar 0, about five-eighths of an inch in thick ness and eighteen inches in length. Such a' bar is adapted to contain one hundred singletype molds 9 of varying width in a straight row, having over them a gate 10, common to all the single-type molds 9. The bar shape of such a mold is that best adapted to permit the drawing of the pattern accurately. The great number of type-patterns to be drawn at one time requires considerable and welldistributed force, because the molding material sets very closely and firmly to the pattern and when setis brittle.

Dowels 11 insure the accurate placing of,

the bars 6 6 together, and when so placed, as shown in Fig. II, they present in the center of the base a slot 12 of the exact width of the thickness of the pattern-comb A. On one of the rabbets 7 I arrange dowels 13, which when a pattern-comb is placed between bars 6 occupy the holes 5 in the base of the comb and hold the comb in a straight or central position While the mold is being molded thereupon. The height of the rabbets 7 that is, their dimensions from co to b, Fig. Il -and the corresponding height of the slot 12 is sufficient to cover so much of the base 1 of the comb as is not to be formed in the mold. It is necessary that the molding-flask B be made with great accuracy, because the outside surfaces of the molds to be formed therein must be accurate to enable a number of them to be locked together in a frame, as hereinafter described. Before putting the fiasks together the insides of its bars 6 and the pattern-type comb A are slightly coated V with olive-oil, so that all will separate freely from the molding material when it has set hard enough to enable the pattern to be drawn.

When the fiask is put together, with the pattern-strip in place, it is held together by means of screws 25, and the molding material is mixed. The material preferably employed tern-type comb, which is held fast.

' scribed for this purpose.

consists, as described in the aforementioned patent of Eugene O. Smith, of two parts of plaster-of-paris and one part of fine asbestos pulp. They are mixed with water in the same way that plaster-of-paris is prepared when an object is to be cast therefrom. The mixture is stirred and beaten, so as to make a fine uniform mass, like thick cream, and then poured slowly into the molding-flask B over the pattern-type. Care must be taken to remove any fine air-bubbles which may form at some of the type-patterns. Then the molding material is allowed to set and become hard. This takes place in about thirty minutes. After setting the pattern-type can be drawn out. This is an operation requiring great care and accuracy of movement and was for a long time a great obstacle to the making of perfect molds. I had not been successful in drawing the pattern until the invention of the special apparatus next de- This apparatus involves the pushing of the mold from the pat- It is evident that a row of about one hundred pattern-type closely embraced by a hard brittle molding material is a difficult pattern to draw,

and it is especially difficult to draw the pattern so that each one of the one hundred single-type molds is'preserved absolutely and perfectly accurate in back and face.

My improved pattern-mold-drawing appa- .ratus is shown in Figs. V and VI. Fig. IV

.dividual type-patterns.

The drawing apparatus D has a platform or base 14, preferably arranged on legs or sup ports 15 sufficiently to permit the free opera tionof hand-wheel 16. At the ends of the platform are arranged guides 17 for a sliding plate 18 and of equal thickness to said plate and to the sides of the mold-bar O. The length of the guides 17 is less than the width of the platform 14, leaving the front part 19 of said platform free as a table, on whose smooth and even surface may be placed the pattern with the mold which is to be withdrawn therefrom. The sliding plate 18 is made as long as possible, so as to bear upon as great a length of the mold as possible. Hinged to the sliding plate 18 at its rear is a second plate 20, of exactly the same width as plate 18, or at least of such width that its forward edge will be precisely in the vertical plane of the forward edge of the plate 18, and both edges must be exactly at right angles with the guides 17. It is also of the same length as plate 18. The

- hinges 21 of plate 20 are arranged to separate the plate 20 from plate 18 sufficiently to leave a space for the admission of the base 1 of the pattern-comb. The two plates 18 and 20 are moved together backward and forward by a screw 22, working in the threaded lug 23, projecting downward through platform 14 from plate 18. The screw is mounted on bracket 24 on the under side of platform 14 and operated by the hand-wheel 16 or otherwise.

When a pattern and mold are removed from the molding-flask B, they are placed upon the free table portion 19 of the drawing apparatus D, and the base of the pattern is rigidly fastened to the apparatus by screws 26, the hinged plate 20 being raised to permit this attachment and the two plates 18 and 20 be ing drawn back sufficiently by means of the hand-wheel16 and screw 22 to cause the front edges of said plates to rest in rear of the mold O. The projecting or free part of the base of the type-pattern is on its lower side even with and can rest on the upper surface of the sliding plate 18. The base 1 of the pattern-comb A, being about two inches longer than plate 18, projects at both ends, so that the projecting ends will rest on the guides 17, and the fastening-screws 26 enter the said guides. By now turning the hand-wheel 16 to the left the plates 18 and 20 are advanced and press edgewise against the edges of the mold above and below the pattern, pushing the same perfectly evenly 03 of the pattern. It is here that the importance of perfection of construction of the pattern-type comb, the moldingtlask, and the sliding plates becomes apparent, for when the mold is placed on the drawing apparatus as described the edges of the sliding plates 18 and 20 must make continuous and perfect contact with the edges of the mold. If this is not the case and pressure is therefore unequally exercised against the mold, the small partition-walls between the single-type molds will be broken and their perfection and accuracy destroyed. The pressure required to push the mold from the pattern-type is considerable at starting, amounting to more than four hundred pounds on a mold of sixteen to eighteen inches in length and containing about one hundred sin gle-type molds.

The molds made and drawn in the abovedescribed manner are dried in suitable quantities in a drying-oven by exposure to a gradually-increased heat up to 500 Fahrenheit for twenty-four hours, so that all moisture and sulfureted hydrogen are expelled. The molds are then ready to be filled with metal and for that purpose are placed in the locking-frame E, (represented in Figs. VIII, IX, and X,) for it would be difficult and indeed impracticable to cast molten refractory metal in a single mold as thin and frail as that above described. In practice I combine about twenty of them in the locking-frame E.

The locking-frame consists, essentially, of a strong rectangular iron frame 27, having at one side the U-shaped gib 28, embracing one side of the frame and adjustable therein by means of set-screws 20. For regular use the frame 27 may be about twenty by thirteen inches, inside measurement, and the outside measurement may merely be made to fit the casin g or mold-box of the casting-machine F. The depth of the frame is equal to the width of the molds O, and the latter are arranged in the frame side by side on one edge with their gates all uppermost.

Between each two molds are interposed straight smooth brass strips 30 about oneeighth of an inch thick and of the same width and length as the molds C. These strips serve to impart strength to the plaster molds against pressure of the set-screws 29 when the latter are adjusted to hold the molds in the frame. The strips thus prevent the molds from being crushed when pressure is applied to hold them firmly in the casting-machine. It is necessary that the molds be held together from every side to resist the expanding pressure of the fluid metal when forced into the molds under a pressure of about ten pounds to the square inch. Therefore when the molds and strips have been placed in the frame they. are securely locked therein by turning the set-screws 29 and forcing the gib 2S tightly against the mold adjacent thereto. The molds and brass strips are not as long as the frame 27, the remaining space being filled with a block 31 of the same material as the molds and containing the main feeding-gate 32 and small branch gates 33, which connect said feeding-gate with the individual moldgates 10. A flat slab 84, preferably of the same material as the molds, covers all the gates and closes the molds and has a gate 35 leading to the main feeding-gate 32 and connected with the metal-receptacle of the casting-machinehereinafter described. The slab 34 is fastened to the frame by screws or otherwise.

\Vhen the frame is filled with molds in the manner described, the composite structure has the shape of a fiat plate and is ready to be placed in the pressure casting apparatus for filling all of the molds with metal at one operation.

\ The casting apparatus is shown in Fig. XI,

but as it is not claimed as part of my present invention only abrief description of it will be given. In general, however, the apparatus is analogus to that shown in Letters Patent No. 526,874, granted to John Joseph Charles Smith, October 2, 1894.

36 is a vertical front plate, and 37 a baseplate or table. To the front plate 36 two side plates 38 are hinged like doors. The drawing Fig. XI being a sectional view, but one of these side plates is shown. The side plates are provided with hooks 39 to receive three cross-bars 40, which have hooks or heads at their ends and therefore hold the side plates together. They also serve as the supports and abutments of screws 41, preferably six in number, which operate against a followerplate 42 for the purpose of pressing a frame of molds placed in the apparatus firmly against the front plate 36 and so holding the molds together against the pressure of the injected metal.

43 is the metal-receptacle on the front or outside of the plate 36. It is supported from the base-plate 37 by a hinge at 44. The movable portion of the metal-receptacle is made in the shape of the letter U in horizontal section, and the front plate forms one wall thereof. Near the bottom of the receptacle, through the front plate 36, is a hole 45, which when the frame of molds is in position registers with the gate 35 of slab 34 and so forms part of the passage through which the metal flows to the molds.

The metal-receptacle has a lining 46, of nonconducting material, such as a sheet of asbestos. The lining covers not only the surface of the receptacle and including that part of the front plate within the receptacle, but extends over the hole 45 and so temporarily prevents the passage of fluid metal from the receptacle to the molds; but the metal will plate 51 must be of the size of the molds which are to be put into it for casting. The frame E, containing the molds, is shown in Fig. XI in position, and it will be seen that the slab 34, interposed between the molds and the front plate 36, prevents contact of the fluid metal with the front plate. The fluid metal thus at every point comes in contact only with a slow conductor of heat.

The operation of casting is quickly done after the molds are placed in the machine. A few pounds of metal more than is required to fill the gates and molds is poured into'the receptacle 43. The piston 47 is then depressed by means of the lever 50, and the pressure breaks the asbestos lining at the point covering the hole 45, forcing the metal through the said hole, through the gate 35 into the main gate 32 and branch gates 33, and filling quickly (in less than -a second) all the individual type-molds in each 'mold O occupying the frame. The pressure is kept up until the fluid metal has set hard. The metal-receptacle is then released by any suitable unlockin g device and swung out. The surplus metal in the receptacle has now chilled sufficiently to allow the breaking of the gate at the hole 45. The moldbox of the machine is then opened and the castings taken out and the molding material readily cleaned from the castings by rubbing and washing. An experienced casting-operator can easily run out twenty castings per day and produce from two to three thousand single type at each cast. The types 52, after casting, do not come out as separate letters, but are still united to a gate 53, forming the comb -shaped casting shown at G, and they are kept in the comb shape for the finishing operations, which are therefore more quickly and easily performed. The comb is represented at Fig. XII.

It will be observed that the slot part or gate 53 is exactly of the same thickness as the body of the type, so that the type and gate present an even surface on both sides. This facilitates the final finishing operations, which are- First, to remove any minute projections on the body-surfaces. Although I castmy hard type with the required accuracy of body, it will happen at times that very fine airb ubbles in the mold will produce corresponding fine projections like grains of sand on the surface of the type-body. These are easily removed if the type are in a perfectly even row and are held so by a solid base.

Secondly, to provide the type with the required indication-notches on the lower side.

Thirdly, the separation of the individual types from the uniting gate or base 53 and making the types of the required uniform height or length.

The indication-notches are cut in by means of a suitable milling-machine. To do this quickly, accurately, and conveniently, I emsolid, smooth, and even on both sides.

ploy the following novel method, which is important and labor-savin g and which saves labor during the several finishing operations: With the type in the form of the comb G if a cutter be passed over them the following difficulties present themselves: Firm holding of the types to prevent vibration while the cutter operates is difficult, and where the cutter passes over the space between the several types it would tear off small pieces or at least raise small burs, to remove which would require special rubbing or smoothing of each type on both sides. I avoid these difficulties by temporarily uniting the type with soft metal 55 by filling the spaces 54 between the types and extending the soft metal about onequarter of an inch above the faces of the type, so that I have a composite strip of metal, To do this, I employ a metallic mold, such as shown in Fig. XIII. The mold consists of two straight steel bars 56, each having a butt 57 at one end, so that when the two areheld together they provide between them a space or slot 58 just large enough to receive the typecomb G and to fit snugly against the'sidcs of the comb and extend for a quarter of an inch above the faces of the type. The solid part 53 of the comb forms the bottom of the mold, and another bar (not shown) forms the top or cover. Suitable clamps are employed to hold the mold firmly together. The space is then filled with melted type-metal, which is forced in under pressure in any desired manner, and when the casting is removed from the mold it presents the solid even strip of metal shown in Fig. XIV exactly of the thickness of the type-comb and of the body of the type. This strip may be readily fastened or held in a milling-machine for cutting therein the indication-notches 60in the form of long grooves from end to end of the strip and also for severing the individual types from their base or gate 53 in such manner as to leave the type at an accurate and even height. hen this has been done, the single types are easily separated from the soft-metal filling and are ready for use.

My experiments have fully shown that perfectly-accurate printers type can be produced of hard bronze alloys by casting and at a cost low enough to permit of their general use in printing and stereotyping in place of the softmetal types now in use. By the use of my hard bronze type a great saving is eif ected by reason of the great durability of the type, and other advantages result to the art of printing by the introduction of type which is harder and stronger than anything heretofore employed. V V

I am aware that small types have been and still are cast in iron or steel molds of a brass composition having a low melting tempera ture. Such types are used only for stamping gilt inscriptions on books, leather, cloth, &c.,

and need not be of such accuracy in body or face as printers type, because such type are set up only in small quantities and therefore can be held well enough together to serve the purpose they are made for. The bodies and faces of such brass types are not and cannot be cast with the mathematical accuracy and perfection that is required for type used for regular printers work. Besides, the cost of producing such type is far too great to permit their use for general printing.

Practical type founders have always deemed it an impossibility to cast type of hard copper-bronze alloys or other refractory metals with the required perfection of face and body to fit them for regular and general printing, and my present invention, which solves this problem and the success of which has been demonstrated by actual production and use of the article on a manufacturing scale, has taken years of study, close observation, and endless costly experiments to attain.

Having thus described my invention, the following is what I claim as new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. The herein-described process of making small types of hard refractorymetal with suffieient accuracy for general printing, which consists in forming integral bar or slab shaped molds with a series of individual type-molds wholly inclosed within them and a longitudinal gate in one edge uniting the individual type-molds, firmly supporting said molds together side by side, casting comb-shaped series of type in said molds, finishing each combshaped series of type as a whole, and finally separating the finished type, substantially as set forth.

2. In the process of making small types of hard refractory metal with sufficient accuracy for general printing, casting type-combs of hard refractory metal, casting thereupon a suitable material filling the spaces between the type and wholly embedding the type-faces, subsequently treating the solid slab thereby formed for finishing the type and finally separating the type from the embedding material substantially as set forth.

3. The process of making small types of hard, refractory metal, consisting in forming comb-shaped patterns whose individual typefaced teeth are united by a rigid base, molding thereupon bar-shaped molds of porous material having individual type-molds united by a longitudinal gate, drawing said molds from the patterns and drying the same, looking a plurality of said molds together in a frame in such manner as to support them against strain, casting in the several molds simultaneously, a series of type combs of hard, refractory metal, withdrawing the said combs from the molds, casting upon the in-v box having at bottom a central longitudinal slot of the width of the thickness of the base of said pattern-comb and suitable means for holding said pattern-comb in said molding flask or box, substantially as set forth.

5. In an apparatus for casting type, a molddrawing apparatus consisting of a platform having suitable guides, means for fastening a pattern to the platform, sliding plates confined between the guides and working inside of the pattern-fastening means, said plates being adapted to engage the mold above and below said pattern, and means for operating said sliding plates for pushing the said mold off of the said pattern, substantially as set forth.

6. In apparatus for casting type, a molddrawing apparatus consisting of a platform having suitable guides, means for attaching the pattern thereto and for supporting a mold thereon, a sliding plate supported on said platform and adapted to move underneath said pattern, a hinged plate connected to said sliding plate and adapted to overlie said pattern and means for operating said plates, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

7. In an apparatus for casting type,a molddrawing apparatus consisting of a platform provided with suitable guides and a parallel slot, screws for attaching a pattern to the platform, a sliding plate 18, supported on the platform between the guides and provided with a threaded lug which works in the slot of the platform, another plate 20 connected to plate 18, said plates being adapted to engage a mold above and below the pattern, and a screw 22 supported in suitable journals and working in the threaded lug for moving the plates 18 and 20 over the platform, substantially as set forth.

8. In apparatus for casting type, the combination of a mold-containing frame, a series of single integral slab or bar shaped molds adapted to occupy the same, each formed with a series of individual type-molds wholly inclosed therein and united by a longitudinal gate in one edge, means for clamping the said molds in said frame and a common gate communicating with and conveying fluid metal to all of said longitudinal gates, substantially as set forth.

9. In apparatus for casting type, the combination of a series of bar-shaped molds, a containing frame therefor and a series of metal-separating strips placed between the several molds, substantially as set forth.

10. In apparatus for casting type,.the combination of a series of bar'shaped moldsya attached to said frame and having a gate concontaining-frame therefor, the several molds neoted with said gates on said block, substanhaving individual type-matrices and a gate tially as set forth. on each mold common to all of the individual 5 matrices on said mold, a filling-block in said Witnesses:

frame at the end of said molds having suit- M. V. BIDGOOD, able gates and a covering-plate for said molds O. M. OTT.

JOHN J. 0. SMITH. 

